Improvement in pumps for compressing air and gas



` S. L. 'WIEGAND- Pump for Gompressng Air and Gras. No, 221,201..`

Patented Nov. 4, 1879.

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S. LLOYD NTIEGAND, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS FOR COMPRESSING AIR AND GAS.

Specification forming partof Letters Patent No. 221,201, dated November 4, 11579; application filed February 18, 1879.

To all whom it' may concern Beit known that I, S. LLOYD Wine-AND, of the city and county'of Philadelphia, and State ot' Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pumps for Gompressing Air and Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be a sufficiently full, clear, and exact description thereof to enable others skilled in the art to make and use the said invention.

The nature of my invention consists in so forming the barrels or cylinders and pistons of pumps that the paeking'is removed from close Contact with the lvolume of gas undergoing compression, and thus protected from heat; in so forming the cylinder and piston ends that all of the gas is eftectually displaced through the valves, and, the delivery of the gas being upward through a series of peculiarly/ constructed valves, no re-expansion is possible within the cylinders, also, in a peculiar vconstruct-ion of framing and cylinders, enabling all parts to be readily inspected while working, and easily detached and replaced with but little labor and loss of time.

I will now proceed to more particularly describe t-he construction and operation of this invention, referring in so doing to the drawings annexed, making a part of this specification, by letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 is a vertical section.

The same let-ters of reference apply to the same parts in both figures.

A represents a cylinder, made accurately true, and having a bottom, B, conical inform, and provided with an inlet-valve, C, opening upward, and guided in the tube D below its seat by wings, and prevented from lifting too high by a cross-bar applied to its lower end.-

Gis a piston-head, made to lit accurately in the cylinder A, and to correspond in form on its lower surface with the cylinder-bottom B. The piston-head G is firmly secured upon a hollow rod, H, containing'another smaller cylinder, I, similar in form at the bottom Kto the cylinder-bottom B, and provided with a piston, L, fitting' the cylinder I and bottom K in the same manner that the piston-head G fits the cylinder A and its bottom B. The piston L is provided with a hollow rod, M. A valve, N,

guided by wings similar to those on thevalve C, opens upward, and permits iiuid communication betweenv'the cylinders A andI. A valve, O, opening upward, is 'placed at the bott-0in of the hollow piston-rod M, and differs from the valves C and K in having the guides upon the upper side of the valve-seat.

The piston-rods M and H both have screwthreads cut on their upper portion, and are each provided with three nuts. (Marked H', H2, and H3 on the lower large rod, H, and M', M2, and-M3 on the upper smaller rod, M.)

Under the nut H' is placed a collar ofqinetal,

H4, fitting closely in the cylinder A and upon head G, between the rod H and cylinder A, is

filled with soft packing G2, preferably cottonyarn. The nut H', being screwed downward, presses the leather G upon the packing G2, and causes it to iit tightly in the cylinder A.

The collar M4 is placed similarly under the nut M', and is provided with a leather collar, L', and a soft packing, L2, fitting in the small cylinder I. The nutsM2 and M3 are, respectivcly, placed below and above la stationary bearing, P, through which the piston-rod M passes, and serve to adjust the height of the piston .L and determine its clearance upon the cylinder-bottom K. The nuts H2 and H3 per form a like function upon the rod H in securing and adjusting it vertically in the crosshead Q, from which it receives motion.

The cylinder A is inclosed in a jacket, It, which` supports it and furnishes a chamber surrounding the cylinder, through which water circulates and cools the cylinder A.

Reciprocating motion denitively limited is imparted to the cross-head Q most conveniently by a crank and pitman.

The piston-rod H contains a chamber, S, surrounding the cylinder I, in which chamber S water is circulated.

The jacket R is supported in a bearing, V, which is divided vertically, so that it can be opened, as is also the cross-head Q and bearing P, to permit the easy removal of the cylinders and pistons.

The operation of the pump is as follows: Gas is admitted at the pipe D and valve G. As the cross-head and piston G and other parts thereto connected rise, it lls the cylinder H. Upon the upward motion of the piston ceasin the valve (l closes. As the piston descends the gas inclosed in the cylinder A is forced through the valve K into the cylinder H, and when the piston Greaehes the bottom B of the cylinder A a small amount ot' any incompressible duid, such as water, expels every bubble ot' compressed gas from the cylinder A to the cylinder H by reason of the conical or inverted funnel-shaped piston bottom G, directing the bubbles to the valve. During this compression the latent heat ot' the gas becomes sensible, and is absorbed by the water circu lating around the cylinders. The volume of the gas being reduced from that of the large cylinder A to that ofthe small cylinder H, its pressure is correspondingly augmented, and it is discharged through the valve O, through the hollow piston-rod M at the outlet T, into suitable receptacles, the conical cup in the bottom of the piston L performing the same function in the cylinder H at the termination of the upward stroke as has been described in relation to the piston G in the cylinder A at the termination ofthe descending stroke. rlhe high pressure being only upon a piston of small area, a waste ot' power in journal friction is avoided.

In operation thc packin gs are submerged in water, permitted to flow into the open tops of the cylinders A and H, and any leakage of pistons is easily detected by the bubbles appearing in the water.

By separating the cupped leather collars G and L by means of the soft packings G2 and L2 from the metallic piston bottoms they are kept cool and lubricated even when the pumps are worked rapidly.

I am aware that pump-pistons having cavities litting over projections of the valves in the base ot' the pump-cylinders, and without chambers for retaining a displacing fluid, have been made and used for pumping air, and an incompressible i'luid proposed to be used in conjunction therewith, and such pistons I do not claim as a part of this invention; but

Having described my invention and the mode ot' operating the same, what I claim as my invention is l. A gas-com pressing pump having a cupped leather pistou-pz'teking submerged in fluid in contact with it, and insulated from the metallic piston-head, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination of the concave piston bottom, and convex pump bottom having an annular space for retaining a displacing iluid7 with inlet and outlet valves, arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. lhe combination ot' divided bearings P and V, and divided cross-head Q with the adjusting-init M2 and H3 and H2 and H3, and screw-threaded pistons H and M, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination ot' large and small cylinders teleseoping with each other, provided with a series of valves opening upward and surrounded by cavities for retaining inelastic displacing iiuid, and concave piston bottoms adapted to collect and expel air or gas by means of such liuid through the outlet-valves, substantially as set forth and described.

S. LLOYD WIEGAND.

Witnesses:

Jos. L. GREENWALD, J. DANIEL Env.

/il i t 

